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This final report summarizes research and development support that Ball Aerospace provided to the 711th Human Performance Wing, Human Effectiveness Directorate (RH), through the Warfighter Interface Research and Technology Operati...
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This final report summarizes research and development support that Ball Aerospace provided to the 711th Human Performance Wing, Human Effectiveness Directorate (RH), through the Warfighter Interface Research and Technology Operations (WIRTO) Contract (FA8650-08-D-6801), Task Order 0020, Behavioral Influence Modeling and Simulation. This task order supported research within the Human-Centered ISR Division (RHX) that focused on cognitive models that incorporated various types of tacit knowledge, such as cultural ethics and behavior. Models of tacit knowledge need to be visualized in a format that provides analysis, comparison, manipulation, and recognition of that knowledge. Research into data collection tools and translation services was executed. Results are provided. All task objectives were met and all required deliverables were submitted.
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Global climate change affects the fundamental drivers of the hydrological cycle. Evidence is growing that climate change will have significant ramifications for the nation's freshwater ecosystems, as deviations in atmospheric temp...
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Global climate change affects the fundamental drivers of the hydrological cycle. Evidence is growing that climate change will have significant ramifications for the nation's freshwater ecosystems, as deviations in atmospheric temperature and precipitation patterns are more frequently recorded across the United States (Bates et al. 2008; Karl et al. 2009). For example, stream temperature is projected to increase in most rivers under climate change scenarios due in part to increases in air temperature, which, in turn, could adversely affect coldwater fish species such as salmon (Brekke et al. 2009). It is critical that watershed management, planning, and regulatory approaches incorporate climate change science and understanding to ensure holistic and accurate analysis. The total maximum daily load (TMDL) program is one of the primary frameworks for the nation to maintain and achieve healthy waterbodies, implemented pursuant to section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act (CWA). More than 40,000 TMDLs have been developed in the United States to determine the maximum pollutant loads allowable that would still permit attainment of water quality standards. However, the majority of these analyses have been conducted using assumptions of a stationary climate under which historical data on flow and temperature can be assumed to be an adequate guide to future conditions (Johnson et al. 2011). Research is needed to illuminate the ways in which climate change considerations could be incorporated into a TMDL, and how climate change might influence restoration plans.
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In the context of the overall Warfighter Interface Research and Technology Operations (WIRTO) research, this task focused on supporting research in cognitive modeling and dynamic visualization of understanding. Models of tacit kno...
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In the context of the overall Warfighter Interface Research and Technology Operations (WIRTO) research, this task focused on supporting research in cognitive modeling and dynamic visualization of understanding. Models of tacit knowledge need to be visualized in a format that provides analysis, comparison, manipulation, and recognition of that knowledge. Research into data collection tools and translation services was executed. Results are provided.
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Deep convection in the tropics plays an important role in driving global circulations and the transport of energy from the tropics to the mid-latitudes. Understanding the mechanisms that control tropical convection is a key to imp...
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Deep convection in the tropics plays an important role in driving global circulations and the transport of energy from the tropics to the mid-latitudes. Understanding the mechanisms that control tropical convection is a key to improving climate modeling simulations of the global energy balance. One of the dominant sources of convective variability in the tropical western Pacific (TWP) is the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), which has a period of approximately 30-60 days. The MJO is an eastward-propagating, slow, moist Kelvin-Rossby wave with signatures, among others, in the wind field and convective activity. In the west Pacific, an MJO cycle includes a convectively active phase with widespread maritime convection and very high cloud fractions and a suppressed phase with reduced convective activity. The strength of the MJO varies relative to other sources of variability but tends to be strongest during the boreal winter. The importance of the MJO in global weather and climate, as well as the urgency for expediting its study to improve intraseasonal-seasonal prediction, are well recognized by the research community.
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The treatment of clouds continues to be a highly challenging aspect of climate and weather modeling. The parameterization of Arctic clouds has been especially difficult, given the paucity of observations in the region. However, se...
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The treatment of clouds continues to be a highly challenging aspect of climate and weather modeling. The parameterization of Arctic clouds has been especially difficult, given the paucity of observations in the region. However, several field programs in recent years have begun to address this deficiency, including the 1994 Beaufort and Arctic Storms Experiment, 1997-1998 Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean Experiment, the 1998 First International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project Regional Experiment Arctic Clouds Experiment, and the ongoing ARM program site operating near Barrow, Alaska. A major finding from these experiments was the observed frequency and persistence of 12 supercooled liquid water and mixed-phase stratiform clouds throughout the year. In contrast to 14 mid-latitude cloud systems, there is little temperature dependence for the amount of 15 liquid versus ice in Arctic mixed-phase clouds. These clouds may contain one or more thin liquid layers embedded within a deep cloud that extends from near the surface into the middle and upper troposphere.
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The number of Americans speaking a language other than English at home has more than doubled since 1979. This increase may be traced, in part, to population flows that have brought large numbers of immigrants to the United States....
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The number of Americans speaking a language other than English at home has more than doubled since 1979. This increase may be traced, in part, to population flows that have brought large numbers of immigrants to the United States. If recent trends persist, the U.S. population in the new millennium will be increasingly multicultural and linguistically diverse. This report compiles recent national estimates on language minority children, youth, and young adults in the United States (defined as individuals speaking a language other than English in the home) based on data collected using the Current Population Survey (CPS), a national survey of about 50,000 households conducted monthly by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Language data, collected during one monthly interview in 1979, 1989, 1992, 1995, and most recently in 1999, are used to track changes in English language ability among 5- to 24-year-old language minority speakers, and to clarify the relationship between their language use and subsequent life experiences.2 In particular, this report details the educational and economic indicators of language minority youth and examines how these indicators are associated with their English language use and proficiency.
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This paper will describe such a method for measuring the accuracy of centroid algorithms using a relatively inexpensive setup consisting of a white light source, lenses, a CCD camea, an electro-strictive actuator, and a DAC (Digi...
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This paper will describe such a method for measuring the accuracy of centroid algorithms using a relatively inexpensive setup consisting of a white light source, lenses, a CCD camea, an electro-strictive actuator, and a DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter), and employing embedded PowerPC, VxWorks, and Solaris based software.
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We report the first observation of the reactions Au + Au (yields) Au + Au +(rho)(sup 0) and Au + Au (yields) Au(star) + Au(star) + (rho)(sup 0) with the STAR detector. The (rho) are produced at small perpendicular momentum, as exp...
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We report the first observation of the reactions Au + Au (yields) Au + Au +(rho)(sup 0) and Au + Au (yields) Au(star) + Au(star) + (rho)(sup 0) with the STAR detector. The (rho) are produced at small perpendicular momentum, as expected if they couple coherently to both nuclei. We discuss models of vector meson production and the correlation with nuclear breakup, and present a fundamental test of quantum mechanics that is possible with the system.
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We report the first observation of exclusive p production in ultra-peripheralcollisions at RHIC. The p are produced electromagnetically at large impact parameters where no hadronic interactions occur. The produced p have a small p...
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We report the first observation of exclusive p production in ultra-peripheralcollisions at RHIC. The p are produced electromagnetically at large impact parameters where no hadronic interactions occur. The produced p have a small perpendicular momentum, consistent with production that is coherent on both the photon emitting and scattering nuclei. We observe both exclusive p production and p production accompanied by electromagnetic dissociation of both nuclei. We discuss models of vector meson production and the correlation with nuclear breakup.
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This report is the twelfth in a series of National Center for EducationStatistics reports on high school dropout and completion rates. It presents data on rates in 1999, the most recent year for which data are available, and inclu...
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This report is the twelfth in a series of National Center for EducationStatistics reports on high school dropout and completion rates. It presents data on rates in 1999, the most recent year for which data are available, and includes time series data on high school dropout and completion rates for the period 1972 through 1999. In addition to extending time series data reported in earlier years, this report examines the characteristics of high school dropouts and high school completers in 1999.
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